Electrical project

Control electrical appliances using TV Remote

  INTRODUCTION

Objective:

The main aim of this embedded application is to control electrical appliances using TV Remote.

DescriptAion:

An embedded system is some combination of computerhardware and software, either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically designed for a particular function. Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it reducing the size and cost of the product and increasing the reliability and performance. IR remote acts as the transmitter in this project. When a button is pressed in the remote, the signal will be passed and received by the IR receiver TSOP Receiver.

Many household tasks were automated by the development of special appliances. For instance, automatic washing machines were developed to reduce the manual labor of cleaning clothes, and water heaters reduced the labor necessary for bathing. Other traditional household tasks, like food preservation and preparation have been automated in large extent by moving them into factory settings, with the development of pre-made, pre-packaged foods, and in some countries, such as the United States, increased reliance on commercial food preparation services, such as fast food restaurants. Volume and the factory setting allows forms of automation that would be impractical or too costly in a home setting. Standardized foods enable possible further automation of handling the food within the home.

A home automation system integrates electrical devices in a house with each other. The techniques employed in home automation include those in building automation as well as the control of domestic activities, such as home entertainment systems, houseplant and yard watering, pet feeding, changing the ambiance "scenes" for different events (such as dinners or parties), and the use of domestic robots. Devices may be connected through a computer network to allow control by a personal computer, and may allow remote access from the internet. Through the integration of information technologies with the home environment, systems and appliances are able to communicate in an integrated manner which results in convenience, energy efficiency, and safety benefits.

    HARD WARE DESCRIPTIONS

3.1 TV REMOTE

                                             

          

A remote control is a component of an electronics device, most commonly a television, used for operating the device wirelessly from a short line distance. The remote control can be contracted to remote or controller.

Itis known by many other names as well, such as converter clicker,didge, flipper, the tuner, the changer, or the button. Commonly, remote controls are Consumer IR devices used to issue commands from a distance to televisions or other consumer electronics such as stereo systems, DVD players and dimmers. Remote controls for these devices are usually small wireless handheld objects with an array of buttons for adjusting various settings such as television channel, track number, and volume. In fact, for the majority of modern devices with this kind of control, the remote contains all the function controls while the controlled device itself only has a handful of essential primarycontrols. Most of these remotes communicate to their respective devices via infrared (IR) signals and a few via radio signal.

 Television IR signals can be mimicked by a universal remote, which is able to emulate the functionality of most major brand television remotecontrols.

Sensor

A sensor (also called detectors) is a device that measures a measurable attribute and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument. For example, a mercury-in-glass thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube. A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be read by a voltmeter. For accuracy, most sensors are calibrated against known standards.

Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile sensor) and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base. There are also innumerable applications for sensors of which most people are never aware. Applications include cars, machines, aerospace, medicine, manufacturing and robotics.

Infrared Sensor

An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits and/or detects infrared radiation in order to sense some aspect of its surroundings. Infrared sensors can measure the heat of an object, as well as detect motion. Many of these types of sensors only measure infrared radiation, rather than emitting it, and thus are known as passive infrared (PIR) sensors. All objects emit some form of thermal radiation, usually in the infrared spectrum. This radiation is invisible to our eyes, but can be detected by an infrared sensor that accepts and interprets it. In a typical infrared sensor like a motion detector, radiation enters the front and reaches the sensor itself at the center of the device. This part may be composed of more than one individual sensor, each of them being made from pyroelectric materials, whether natural or artificial. These are materials that generate an electrical voltage when heated or cooled. These pyroelectric materials are integrated into a small circuit board. They are wired in such a way so that when the sensor detects an increase in the heat of a small part of its field of view, it will trigger the motion detector's alarm. It is very common for an infrared sensor to be integrated into motion detectors like those used as part of a residential or commercial security system

Most motion detectors are fitted with a special type of lens, called a Fresnel lens, on the sensor face. A set of these lenses on a motion detector can focus light from many directions, giving the sensor a view of the whole area. Instead of Fresnel lenses, some motion detectors are fitted with small parabolic mirrors which serve the same purpose. An infrared sensor can be thought of as a camera that briefly remembers how an area's infrared radiation appears. A sudden change in one area of the field of view, especially one that moves, will change the way electricity goes from the pyroelectric materials through the rest of the circuit. This will trigger the motion detector to activate an alarm.

 If the whole field of view changes temperature, this will not trigger the device. This makes it so that sudden flashes of light and natural changes in temperature do not activate the sensor and cause false alarms. Infrared motion detectors used in residential security systems are also desensitized somewhat, with the goal of preventing false alarms. Typically, a motion detector like these will not register movement by any object weighing less than 40 pounds (18 kg). With this modification, household pets will be able to move freely around the house without their owners needing to worry about a false alarm. For households with large pets, sensors with an 80-pound (36 kg) allowance are also made.

                                      

                                  

ADVANTAGES

·         Highly sensitive

·         Works with any TV/DVD Remote

·         Cost and reliable circuit

·         Coverage distance up to 10m

·         Can handle heavy loads up to 7A

·         System can be switched into manual mode whenever required

    CONCLUSION

The project “ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE CONTROL USING TVREMOTE” has been successfully designed and tested. It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used. Presence of every module has been reasoned out placed carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit.

            Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s and with the help of growing technology the project has been successfully implemented.

Finally we concluded that EMBEDDED SYSTEM is an emerging field there is a huge scope for research and development.

 REFERENCES

·         Method for controlling mechanism of Home Appliances- Dr. Dobb’s Journal

·         Advancement of Home automation- Anogianakis

·         Smart Technology in Electrical work- William C. mann

·         Home building and Renovating- Griffiths. Melanie

·         Person-environment interfaces and smart environments- Coleg Glan

·         Association for the Advancement of Assistive Technology- Crt Marincek