Control electrical appliances using TV Remote
INTRODUCTION
Objective:
The main aim of this embedded application is to
control electrical appliances using TV Remote.
DescriptAion:
An embedded system is some combination of computerhardware and software, either fixed in capability or programmable,
that is specifically designed for a particular function. Since the embedded
system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it
reducing the size and cost of the product and
increasing the reliability and performance. IR remote acts
as the transmitter in this project. When a button is pressed in the remote, the
signal will be passed and received by the IR receiver TSOP Receiver.
Many household tasks were automated by the development of special
appliances. For instance, automatic washing
machines were developed to reduce the manual labor of cleaning clothes, and water heaters reduced the labor necessary for bathing. Other traditional household
tasks, like food preservation and
preparation have been automated in large extent by moving them into factory settings,
with the development of pre-made, pre-packaged
foods, and in some countries, such as the United States, increased reliance on
commercial food preparation services, such as fast
food restaurants. Volume and the
factory setting allows forms of automation that would be impractical or too
costly in a home setting. Standardized foods enable possible further automation
of handling the food within the home.
A home automation system integrates electrical
devices in a house with each other. The techniques employed in home automation
include those in building automation as well as the control of domestic
activities, such as home entertainment systems, houseplant and
yard watering, pet feeding, changing the ambiance "scenes" for
different events (such as dinners or parties), and the use of domestic
robots. Devices may be connected through a computer network to allow
control by a personal computer, and may allow remote access from the
internet. Through the integration of information technologies with
the home environment, systems and appliances are able
to communicate in an integrated manner which results in convenience,
energy efficiency, and safety benefits.
HARD
WARE DESCRIPTIONS
3.1
TV REMOTE
A remote control is a component of an
electronics device, most commonly a television, used for operating the
device wirelessly from a short line distance. The remote control can
be contracted to remote or controller.
Itis known by many other names as well, such as converter clicker,didge, flipper, the tuner, the changer, or the button. Commonly,
remote controls are Consumer IR devices used to issue commands from a
distance to televisions or other consumer electronics such as stereo systems,
DVD players and dimmers. Remote controls for these devices are usually small
wireless handheld objects with an array of buttons for adjusting various
settings such as television channel, track number, and volume. In fact, for the
majority of modern devices with this kind of control, the remote contains all
the function controls while
the controlled device itself only has
a handful of essential primarycontrols. Most of these remotes communicate to their respective
devices via infrared (IR) signals and a few via radio signal.
Television IR signals can be mimicked by a
universal remote, which is able to
emulate the functionality of most major brand television remotecontrols.
Sensor
A sensor (also called detectors) is a
device that measures a measurable attribute and converts it into a signal which
can be read by an observer or by an instrument. For example, a mercury-in-glass
thermometer converts the measured temperature into expansion and
contraction of a liquid which can be read on a calibrated glass tube.
A thermocouple converts temperature to an output voltage which can be
read by a voltmeter. For accuracy, most sensors are calibrated against
known standards.
Sensors
are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile sensor)
and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base. There are also
innumerable applications for sensors of which most people are never aware.
Applications include cars, machines, aerospace, medicine, manufacturing and
robotics.
Infrared Sensor
An infrared sensor is an electronic
device that emits and/or detects infrared radiation in order to sense
some aspect of its surroundings. Infrared sensors can measure the
heat of an object, as well as detect motion. Many of these types of sensors
only measure infrared radiation, rather than emitting it, and thus are
known as passive infrared (PIR) sensors. All objects emit some form
of thermal radiation, usually in the infrared spectrum. This
radiation is invisible to our eyes, but can be detected by
an infrared sensor that accepts and interprets it. In a
typical infrared sensor like a motion detector, radiation
enters the front and reaches the sensor itself at the center of the
device. This part may be composed of more than one individual sensor, each
of them being made from pyroelectric materials, whether natural or artificial.
These are materials that generate an electrical voltage when heated or cooled. These
pyroelectric materials are integrated into a small circuit board. They are
wired in such a way so that when the sensor detects an increase in
the heat of a small part of its field of view, it will trigger the motion
detector's alarm. It is very common for an infrared sensor to be
integrated into motion detectors like those used as part of a residential or
commercial security system
Most motion detectors are fitted with a special type
of lens, called a Fresnel lens, on the sensor face. A set of these lenses
on a motion detector can focus light from many directions, giving
the sensor a view of the whole area. Instead of Fresnel lenses, some
motion detectors are fitted with small parabolic mirrors which serve the same
purpose. An infrared sensor can be thought of as a camera that
briefly remembers how an area's infrared radiation appears. A sudden
change in one area of the field of view, especially one that moves, will change
the way electricity goes from the pyroelectric materials through the rest of
the circuit. This will trigger the motion detector to activate an alarm.
If the whole
field of view changes temperature, this will not trigger the device. This makes
it so that sudden flashes of light and natural changes in temperature do not
activate the sensor and cause false alarms. Infrared motion
detectors used in residential security systems are also desensitized somewhat,
with the goal of preventing false alarms. Typically, a motion detector like
these will not register movement by any object weighing less than 40 pounds (18
kg). With this modification, household pets will be able to move freely around
the house without their owners needing to worry about a false alarm. For
households with large pets, sensors with an 80-pound (36 kg) allowance are also
made.
ADVANTAGES
·
Highly sensitive
·
Works with any TV/DVD
Remote
·
Cost and reliable
circuit
·
Coverage distance up to
10m
·
Can handle heavy loads
up to 7A
·
System can be switched
into manual mode whenever required
CONCLUSION
The project “ELECTRICAL
APPLIANCE CONTROL USING TVREMOTE” has been successfully designed and
tested. It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware
components used. Presence of every module has been reasoned out placed
carefully thus contributing to the best working of the unit.
Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s
and with the help of growing technology the project has been successfully
implemented.
Finally
we concluded that EMBEDDED SYSTEM is
an emerging field there is a huge scope for research and development.
REFERENCES
·
Method for controlling
mechanism of Home Appliances- Dr. Dobb’s Journal
·
Advancement of Home
automation- Anogianakis
·
Smart Technology in
Electrical work- William C. mann
·
Home building and
Renovating- Griffiths. Melanie
·
Person-environment interfaces and smart environments- Coleg Glan
·
Association for the Advancement of Assistive Technology- Crt Marincek
